Explain the procedure of defining relationship in Ms Access? ( ICS PART-II Important Long Questions)

Q. Explain the procedure of defining relationship in Ms Access?

Ans.

Database Relationship

A relationship is a logical connection between different tables. A relationship is established on the basis of interaction among these tables. The relationship is established connecting one or more fields of two tables. The fields used to connect two tables normally have same name, data type and size.

Defining Relationship

The procedure for creating relationship between tables is as follows:

1. Open the database file.
2. Click the Relationship icon on the toolbar OR Click Tools=>Relationships.  The Relationship window will appear
3. Click the name of the table to be added to the relationships.
4. Click Add button.
5. Click Close button after adding all required tables.  The added tables and their fields will appear in Relationship window.
6. Click and drag a primary key field from one table to the corresponding field in the other table.
7. Release the mouse button.  The Edit Relationships window will appear.
8. Select Enforce Referential Integrity checkbox.
9. Click Create button. The relationship will be created.  A line between the related fields will appear in Relationship window.

Describe the data types of fields in Ms Access. (ICS Part-II important long questions)

Q. Describe the data types of fields in Ms Access.
Ans.
MS Access provides the following data types.
Text
Text data type is used to store alphabetic, numbers and special characters.  It can store up to 255 characters.  If length of text field is not specified, the default setting is 50 characters
Memo
Memo data type is used to store lengthy text.  It is normally used to store comments etc. Memo fields can hold up to 64,000 characters.
Number
Number data type is used to store numeric data. The fields with Number data type can be used in mathematical calculations. Different types of numeric data types are as follows:

Data type	Values	Size in bytes
Byte	0 to 255	1
Integer	-32,768 to 32767	2
Long Integer	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647	4
Single	-3.14x1038 to 3.14x1038	4
Double	-1797x10308 to 1797x10308	8

  
The byte, integer and long integer data types cannot store decimal values.  If you need to store values with up to four decimal places only, use the Currency data type in preference to single or double number fields.
Data/Time
Data/time data type is used to store data and time. Ms Access stores data in the standard mm/dd/yyyy format.
Currency
Currency data type is used to store number representing currency.  The value in currency field is rounded to two decimal places.  The negative currency values are displayed in brackets.  The values automatically include a dollar sign($).
AutoNumber
AutoNumber data type is used to generate the next number automatically when a new record is added.  It creates a unique number for each record. The value starts from 1 and is incremented by 1 in each record.
Yes/No
Yes/No data type is used to store Boolean value.  The possible values in this field are True/False or Yes/No.
OLE Object
OLE stands for Object Linking and Embedding .  This data type is used to enter objects from other applications such as a spreadsheet created in Excel or a picture file.
Hyper Link
The Hyper Link data type is used to store links to other files, documents or web pages in a field. A hyperlink address has up to four parts.

1. The text that appear in the field
2. The path to a file or URL
3. A sub address that is a location in the file or page in the website
4. The text that appears as the tool tip.

Each part is separated by pound sign(#).  The syntax of using hyperlink is as follows:
DisplayText#Address#SubAddress#ScreenTip
An example of using hyperlink is as follows:
Google Home Page#http://www.google.com#c:\My Documents\Database.mdb#MyTable

.Explain the characteristics of relational database table.(ICS Part-II important long questions)

Q.Explain the characteristics of relational database table.

Ans.

A relation or table is the basis of a relational database management system.  The properties of characteristics of relations are as follows:
No Duplicate Rows Exist.
There should not be two identical rows in a table.  There must be at least one column or set of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in the table. Such column or set of columns is called primary key.  This property ensures that every row in a table can be identified by specifying the primary key value.
The Order of Rows is Insignificant
The position of a row in a relation is insignificant.  A row is not identified by its location in the relation.  The rows can be retrieved in any order. It enables many users to share the same table without the concern of how the table is organized.
The Order of Columns is Insignificant
The position of a column in a relation is insignificant.  A column is not identified by its location in the relation.  It is referenced by its name.  The columns can be retrieved in any order.  It enables many users to share same table without the concern of how the table is organized.
 Columns/Attributes are all Elemental or Atomic
An entry at the intersection of each row and column is atomic.  A value that cannot be divided further is called atomic value.

What are the main advantages of using DBMS? (ICS PART-II Important Long Questions)

Q.What are the main advantages of using DBMS?
Ans.
Some important advantages of database management system are as follows:
Data Independence.
Database approach provides the facility of data independence.  It means that the data and the application programs are separate from each other.  The user can change data storage structures and operations without changing the application programs.  The user can also modify programs without reorganization of data.
Redundancy Control.
Redundancy means duplication of data in multiple files.  The data in database appears only once.  It is not duplicated.  If the data is required at many places, the same data is used at all places. 
Consistency Constraints.
Consistency constraints are the rules that must be followed to enter data in the database.  If a data does not fulfill these constraints , it cannot be entered in the database. Database management system provides an easy way of applying different consistency constraints that ensure the consistency of the data in the database.
Support Complex Data Relationships.
Database management system allows the user to design complex data structures.  It enables the user to logically view and access data in different ways.
Data Security Features.
Data security is the protection of the database from unauthorized access.  The database management system provides several procedures to maintain data security.  The security is maintained by allowing access to the database through the user of passwords. Every user of database system should not be able to access all the data.
Database Backup  & Recovery.
Database Management System provides the facility of backup and recovery.  Backup facility is used to store an additional copy of data.  The data can be recovered from this file if the original file is lost or damaged.  A utility in DBMS is used to recover data.  The utility rebuilds the data by using backup copy of the data.
Advanced Capabilities.
DBMS provides advanced access capabilities for online reporting.  It uses internet for advanced capabilities.

Important Short Questions ICS Part-II

(SHORT QUESTIONS)
Q.Describe the structure of a c-program?
Ans.

Q.What is a comment in c program?
Ans.

Q.Define the term keyword?
Ans.

Q.Describe the character data type?
Ans.

Q.How would you initialize a variable?
Ans.

Q.Write the names of four operators in c program?
Ans.

Q. Define the term relational operator?
Ans.

Q.What is Switch statement?
Ans.

Q. Define the term "for" statement?
Ans.

Q.What is "do" statement in c program?
Ans.

Q. Define the term function?
Ans.

Q. What is machine language?
Ans.

Q.What is boolean variable?
Ans.

Q. Write the scope of a variable?
Ans.

Q.Define the term sub-routine?
Ans.

Q.What is a loop statement?
Ans.

Q.Define entity?
Ans.

Q.What is key?
Ans.

Q.What is table?
Ans.

Q. What is user?
Ans.

Q.What is relationship?
Ans.

Q.What is normalization?
Ans.

Q. What is ms access?
Ans.

Q. What is mean by degree of relation?
Ans.

Q.What is text data type?
Ans.

Q. What is a form?
Ans.

Q. What is algorithm?
Ans.

Q.What is flowchart?
Ans.

Q. Define database?
Ans.

Q.Who is database administrator?
Ans.

Q. Define candidate key?
Ans.

Q. What is physical database design?
Ans.

Q.What is ER Diagram?
Ans.

Q. What is functional dependency .Give example?
Ans.

Q. Define referential integrity?
Ans.

Q.Define a query?
Ans.

Q. What do you know about radio button?
Ans.

Q. Define compiler?
Ans.

Q. What is an object program?
Ans.

Q. What is meant by implicit casting?
Ans.

Q. What is purpose of scanf function?
Ans.

Q. What is use of getch() function?
Ans.

Q. What is if-statement?
Ans.

Q. What is meant by sentinal value?
Ans.

Q. Define user-defined function?
Ans.

Q. What is meant by function prototype?
 Ans.

Q. Define a pointer?
Ans.

Q. What is binary stream?
Ans.

Q.What is data?
Ans.

Q. What is a utility program?
Ans.

Q. What are pointing devices?
 Ans.

Q.Define SVGA?
Ans.

 Q.What is plotter?
Ans.

Q. What is SRAM?
Ans.

Q. What is address bus?
Ans.

Q. What is laser printer?
Ans.

Q. What is assembler?
Ans.

Q. What is REM statement?
Ans.

Q.Define logical error?
Ans.

Q. Define a string constant?
Ans.

Q. What are relational operators?
Ans.

Q. Define arithmetic operations?
 Ans.

Q.  What is digital camera?
 Ans.

Q. What is meant by record?
Ans.

Q. What is difference between primary key and foreign key?
Ans.

Q. What is purpose of feasibility study?
Ans.

Q. Define an attribute? Give an example?
Ans.

Q. What is meant by database integrity?
Ans.

Q. What do you know about homonym?
Ans.

Q. What is meant by redundancy?
Ans.

Q.Define source code. Why it cannot be executed directly?
Ans.

Q.What is syntax error, give an example?
Ans.

Q. What do you mean by delimiters?
Ans.

Q. What are floating point constants?
Ans.

Q. What is the use of decrement operator.
Ans.

Q. What are escape sequences.?
Ans.

Q. What is difference between data and information?
Ans.

Q. Who is a programmer?
Ans.

Q.Define hybrid computer?
Ans.

Q.What is a track ball?
Ans.

Q.Define XGA?
Ans.

Q.What are impact printers?
Ans.

Q. What is ROM?
Ans.

Q.What is control bus?
Ans.

Q. What is relational expression?
Ans.

Q.What is smart card?
Ans.

Q.What are inkject printers?
Ans.

Q.Define the term synonym?
Ans.

Q.Explain nested loop?
Ans.

Q.What is auto number data type?
Ans.

Q.Define range and precision?
Ans.

Q.Describe compound assignment statement?
Ans.

Q. Define function header?
Ans.

Q. What are variable naming rules.
Ans.